As of · Retrieved Tuesday, September 22, 2026 (PT)
Convergence · CBDC
CBDC status tracker
Retail vs wholesale designs, major-country status, and implications for crypto firms. Research snapshot—verify vs primary sources.
| Jurisdiction | Project | Stage | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Euro area | Digital euro | Preparation / legislation path | If law in 2026 → possible issuance during 2029 (ECB) |
| United States | Retail CBDC | Halted | FedNow is RTP for banks, not a CBDC |
| China | e-CNY | Advanced retail pilot | Largest advanced pilot—verify PBOC before quoting wallet counts |
| India | Digital Rupee | Retail + wholesale pilot | RBI program |
| UK | Digital pound | Design / research | No issuance decision |
| Bahamas / Jamaica / Nigeria | Sand Dollar / Jam-Dex / eNaira | Launched | Adoption varies; UX & inclusion lessons |
Wholesale & mBridge
Project mBridge (BIS Innovation Hub + partner central banks) aims at instant cross-border payments in central-bank money on shared DLT. Geopolitical participation shifts—verify official statements before strong claims. Euro-area wholesale work (Pontes/Appia) proceeds in parallel with the digital euro.